Oil rig five major components of the system decomposition!
Release time:
2020-04-03
Composition of 1. drilling rig
(1) Power system: equipment that provides energy for the entire unit;
1 Rotating system equipment
In order to turn the drilling tool in the well and drive the drill bit to break the rock, the drilling rig is equipped with a rotating system. It is mainly composed of rotary table, faucet, drill string and drill bit. In addition, the faucet, drill string and drill bit also function to circulate high pressure drilling fluid. The turntable is the core of the rotating system and one of the three working machines of the drilling rig.
Top drive drilling rigs are equipped with a top drive drilling unit that replaces the rotary table to drive the drill string and drill bit rotation.
2 Circulating system equipment
In order to clean the bottom of the well in time, carry rock cuttings and protect the well wall, the drilling rig is equipped with a drilling fluid circulation system. It mainly includes drilling pump, ground high pressure manifold, drilling fluid purification equipment and drilling fluid blending device (solid control equipment), etc. When the downhole power drilling tool is used for drilling, the circulation system is also responsible for providing high-pressure drilling fluid to drive the downhole turbine drilling tool or screw drilling tool to drive the drill bit to break the rock. The drilling pump is the core of the circulation system and one of the three working machines of the drilling rig.
3. Tripping System Equipment
In order to tripping the drilling tools, running the casing, controlling the bit pressure and bit feeding, the drilling rig is equipped with a lifting system to assist in the completion of drilling operations. This equipment mainly consists of drilling winch, auxiliary brake, traveling block system (such as wire rope, crown block, traveling block) hook and derrick. In addition, there are also wellhead tools and mechanical equipment (such as lifting rings, lifting clamps, slips, power tongs, stand moving mechanism, etc.) for lifting and down operations 〕. The winch is the core of the hoisting system and one of the three working machines of the drilling rig.
The above-mentioned three major system equipment directly serves the drilling production and is the three major working systems of the drilling rig. The drawworks rotary table drilling pump is called the three working machines of the drilling rig.
4. Power drive system equipment
The power drive system equipment refers to the equipment that provides energy for the entire unit [the three major working units and other auxiliary units]. It can be a diesel engine and its oil supply equipment, or an AC or DC motor and its power supply, protection, and control equipment.
5. Drive system equipment
The transmission system equipment refers to the equipment that connects the power machine and the working machine to realize the energy transmission, distribution and movement mode conversion from the driving equipment to the working unit. It includes deceleration, parallel, reverse and transmission mechanisms.
The commonly used mechanical transmission pair in the drilling rig is mainly chain, triangle belt, gear and cardan shaft. In addition, many drilling rigs also use hydraulic transmission, hydraulic transmission, electric transmission and other transmission forms.
6. Control system and monitoring display instrument
In order to command and control the coordinated work of each unit, the whole rig is equipped with various control devices, such as mechanical control, gas control, electric control, liquid control and electric, gas and liquid mixing control. Mechanically driven drilling rigs generally adopt centralized and unified gas control. Modern drilling rigs are also equipped with various drilling instruments and measurement while drilling systems to monitor and display the working conditions of ground-related system equipment, measure downhole parameters, and realize well trajectory control.
7. Rig substructure
The substructure includes the drill floor substructure and the machine room substructure. The term is used to install the drilling equipment to facilitate the transportation of the drilling equipment. The drill floor substructure is used to install the derrick, rotary table, set the stand box and necessary wellhead tools and driller's control console, and most of them also need to install the winch. The rig floor base shall accommodate the necessary wellhead equipment and must therefore be of sufficient height, area and rigidity. The machine room base is mainly used to install the power unit and transmission system equipment. Therefore, it must have sufficient area and rigidity to ensure that the machine room equipment can be installed and oriented quickly, work smoothly and be moved conveniently. Cluster drilling rig substructure must meet the special requirements of cluster drilling.
8. Auxiliary Equipment
The complete drilling rig must also be equipped with gas supply equipment, auxiliary power generation equipment, wellhead blowout prevention equipment, rat hole drilling equipment and auxiliary lifting equipment, and thermal insulation equipment must also be equipped when drilling in cold areas.
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