Lifting system
The drilling tool is equipped with a lifting system for lifting and lowering the drilling tool, running the casing, controlling the weight on bit and feeding the drilling tool.
The hoisting system includes winch, auxiliary brake, crane, traveling block, hook, wire rope, lifting ring, elevator, tongs, slips and other tools.
During lifting, the winch drum is wound with wire rope, and the crane block and traveling block form the auxiliary pulley block. The lifting of the hook can realize the lifting of the drilling tool through lifting ring, elevator and other tools. During lowering, the drilling tool or casing string is lowered by its own weight, and the lowering speed of the hook is controlled by the brake mechanism and auxiliary brake of the drawworks. During normal drilling, the feed speed of the drilling tool is controlled by the brake mechanism, and a part of the weight of the drilling tool is applied to the drill bit as the weight to break the rock formation.
rotating system
The rotating system is a typical system of the rotary table drilling rig. Its function is to drive the drilling tool to rotate to break the rock formation. The rotating system includes a rotary table, a faucet, and a drilling tool.
According to the different drilling, the composition of the drilling tool is also different, generally including kelly, drill pipe, drill collar and drill bit, in addition to centralizer, shock absorber and mating joint.
Among them, the drill bit is a tool for directly breaking rocks, including drag bits, cone bits, diamond drills and other types. The weight and wall thickness of the drill collar are large, which is used to apply weight on the drill bit. The drill pipe connects the surface equipment with the bottom hole equipment and transmits torque. The section of the kelly is generally square, and the rotary table drives the entire drill string and drill bit to rotate through the kelly. The faucet is a typical component of a rotary drilling rig, which not only bears the weight of the drilling tool, but also realizes the rotary movement, and also provides a channel for high-pressure mud.
circulatory system
In order to carry the broken rock cuttings of the bottom hole bit to the ground in time for continuous drilling, and to cool the bit to protect the borehole wall and prevent drilling accidents such as collapse and leakage, the rotary drilling rig is equipped with a circulation system.
The circulation system includes drilling pump, surface manifold, mud tank, mud purification equipment, etc., of which the surface manifold includes high-pressure manifold, riser and hose, and the mud purification equipment includes vibrating screen, desander, desilter, centrifuge, etc.
The drilling pump sucks the mud from the mud tank, and the mud pressurized by the drilling pump enters the faucet through the high-pressure manifold, riser and hose, and then descends to the bottom of the well through the hollow drilling tool, spouts out from the water hole of the bit, and carries the rock cuttings back to the ground through the circular space between the borehole and the drilling tool. The mud returned from the bottom of the well passes through various mud purification equipment to remove the solid phase and reuse.

Power Equipment
The lifting system, circulation system and rotation system are the three major working units of the drilling rig, which are used to provide power. They can coordinate their work to complete the drilling operation. In order to provide power to these working units, the drilling rig needs to be equipped with power equipment.
The power equipment of the drilling rig includes diesel engine, AC motor and DC motor.
Diesel engines are suitable for drilling wells in remote areas without power grids. AC motors rely on industrial power grids or require diesel engines to generate AC power. DC motors require diesel engines to drive DC generators to generate DC power. More commonly, diesel engines drive AC generators to generate AC power, which is then rectified by silicon controlled rectifier to convert AC power into DC power.
Drive system
The transmission system transforms the force and motion provided by the power equipment, and then transmits and distributes it to each working unit to meet the different power needs of each working unit.
The transmission system generally includes a deceleration mechanism, a transmission mechanism, a forward and reverse mechanism, and a parallel mechanism between multiple power machines.
Drilling directly driven by diesel engines mostly adopts the form of unified drive, and the transmission system is relatively complex. Drilling rigs driven by AC and DC motors mostly adopt the form of individual or grouped drive of each unit, and the transmission system has been greatly simplified.
Control System
In order to ensure the coordinated work of the three working units of the drilling rig to meet the requirements of the drilling process, the drilling rig is equipped with a control system.
Control methods include mechanical control, gas control, electric control and liquid control.
The commonly used control method on drilling rigs is centralized gas control. The driller can complete almost all the control of the drilling rig through the upper drilling console of the drilling rig, such as the clutch of the main clutch; the combination of various power machines; the starting and stopping of the drawworks, the rotary table and the drilling pump; the high and low speed control of the drawworks, etc.
Derrick and base
The derrick and base are used to support and install various drilling equipment and tools and provide drilling operation site. The derrick is used to install the overhead crane, suspension traveling machine, hook, faucet and drilling tool, bear the drilling load and discharge the stand; the base is used to install the power unit, winch, rotary table and support the derrick, and the rotary table is used to suspend the drilling tool to provide a high space between the rotary table and the ground to install necessary BOP and facilitate mud circulation.
Auxiliary Equipment
In order to ensure the safety and normal operation of drilling, the drilling rig also includes other auxiliary equipment, such as blowout prevention unit, generator set providing lighting and auxiliary power for drilling, air compression equipment providing compressed air, water supply and oil supply equipment, etc.